{"id":91,"date":"2018-07-03T23:59:26","date_gmt":"2018-07-03T23:59:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.essentialoilmach.com\/blog\/?p=91"},"modified":"2019-12-16T09:17:09","modified_gmt":"2019-12-16T09:17:09","slug":"introduction-to-essential-oil-extraction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.essentialoilmach.com\/blog\/introduction-to-essential-oil-extraction\/","title":{"rendered":"Introduction to essential oil extraction"},"content":{"rendered":"

Essential oils<\/a> are used in a wide variety of consumer goods such as detergents, soaps,
\ntoilet products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, confectionery food products, soft drinks,
\ndistilled alcoholic beverages (hard drinks) and insecticides. The world production and
\nconsumption of essential oils and perfumes are increasing very fast. Production technology is an
\nessential element to improve the overall yield and quality of essential oil. The traditional
\ntechnologies pertaining to essential oil processing are of great significance and are still being
\nused in many parts of the globe. Water distillation, water and steam distillation, steam
\ndistillation, cohobation, maceration and enfleurage are the most traditional and commonly used
\nmethods. Maceration is adaptable when oil yield from distillation is poor. Distillation methods
\nare good for powdered almonds, rose petals and rose blossoms, whereas solvent extraction is
\nsuitable for expensive, delicate and thermally unstable materials like jasmine, tuberose, and
\nhyacinth. Water distillation is the most favored method of production of citronella oil from plant
\nmaterial.
\nSources of natural essential oil
\nEssential oils<\/a> are generally derived from one or more plant parts, such as flowers (e.g.
\nrose, jasmine, carnation, clove, mimosa, rosemary, lavander), leaves (e.g. mint, Ocimum spp.,
\nlemongrass, jamrosa), leaves and stems (e.g. geranium, patchouli, petitgrain, verbena,
\ncinnamon), bark (e.g. cinnamon, cassia, canella), wood (e.g. cedar, sandal, pine), roots (e.g.
\nangelica, sassafras, vetiver, saussurea, valerian), seeds (e.g fennel, coriander, caraway, dill,
\nnutmeg), fruits (bergamot, orange, lemon, juniper), rhizomes (e.g. ginger, calamus, curcuma,
\norris) and gums or oleoresin exudations (e.g. balsam of Peru, Myroxylon balsamum, storax, myrrh,
\nbenzoin).
\nMethods of Producing Essential Oils
\nRegarding hydrodistillation, the essential oils industry has developed terminology to
\ndistinguish three types: water distillation; water and steam distillation; and direct steam
\ndistillation.<\/p>\n

Originally introduced by Von Rechenberg, these terms have become established in the
\nessential oil industry. All three methods are subject to the same theoretical considerations which
\ndeal with distillation of two-phase systems. The differences lie mainly in the methods of
\nhandling the material.
\nSome volatile oils cannot be distilled without decomposition and thus are usually
\nobtained by expression (lemon oil, orange oil) or by other mechanical means. In certain
\ncountries, the general method for obtaining citrus oil involves puncturing the oil glands by
\nrolling the fruit over a trough lined with sharp projections that are long enough to penetrate the
\nepidermis and pierce the oil glands located within outer portion of the peel (ecuelle method). A
\npressing action on the fruit removes the oil from the glands, and a fine spray of water washes the
\noil from the mashed peel while the juice is extracted through a central tube that cores the fruit.
\nThe resulting oil-water emulsion is separated by centrifugation. A variation of this process is to
\nremove the peel from the fruit before the oil is extracted.
\nOften, the volatile oil content of fresh plant parts (flower petals) is so small that oil
\nremoval is not commercially feasible by the aforementioned methods. In such instances, an
\nodorless, bland, fixed oil or fat is spread in a thin layer on glass plates. The flower petals are
\nplaced on the fat for a few hours; then repeatedly, the oil petals are removed, and a new layer of
\npetals is introduced. After the fat has absorbed as much fragrance as possible, the oil may be
\nremoved by extraction with alcohol. This process, known as enfleurage, was formerly used
\nextensively in the production of perfumes and pomades.<\/p>\n

In the perfume industry, most modern essential oil production<\/a> is accomplished by
\nextraction, using volatile solvents such as petroleum ether and hexane. The chief advantages of
\nextraction over distillation is that uniform temperature (usually 50\u00b0 C) can be maintained during
\nthe process, As a result, extracted oils have a more natural odor that is unmatched by distilled
\noils, which may have undergone chemical alteration by the high temperature. This feature is of
\nconsiderable importance to the perfume industry; however, the established distillation method is
\nof lower cost than the extraction process.
\nDestructive distillation means distilling volatile oil in the absence of air. When wood or
\nresin of members of the Pinaceae or Cupressaceae is heated without air, decomposition takes
\nplace and a number of volatile compounds are driven off. The residual mass is charcoal. The
\ncondensed volatile matter usually separates into 2 layers: an aqueous layer containing wood
\nnaptha (methyl alcohol) and pyroligneous acid (crude acetic), and a tarry liquid in the form of
\npine tar, juniper tar, or other tars, depending on the wood used. This dry distillation is usually
\nconducted in retorts and, if the wood is chipped or coarsely ground and the heat is applied
\nrapidly, the yield often represents about 10% of the wood weight used.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Essential oils are used in a wide variety of consumer goods such as detergents, soaps, toilet products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, perfumes, confectionery food products, soft drinks, distilled alcoholic beverages (hard drinks) and insecticides. The world production and consumption of essential oils and perfumes…Read More »<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[36,37,38,39],"class_list":["post-91","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-essential-oil-distillation","tag-lemongrass-oil-extraction-machine","tag-essential-oil-distillation-equipment","tag-essential-oil-distiller","tag-water-distillation-machine"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.essentialoilmach.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.essentialoilmach.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.essentialoilmach.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.essentialoilmach.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.essentialoilmach.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=91"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.essentialoilmach.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":93,"href":"https:\/\/www.essentialoilmach.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/91\/revisions\/93"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.essentialoilmach.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=91"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.essentialoilmach.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=91"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.essentialoilmach.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=91"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}